IBC泰國法律金融會計事務所International Business Consultancy

Law Enforcement in Thailand

泰國執行法

Law enforcement is the activity of some members of government who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and governing norms of that society. The primary duties of law enforcement includes the investigation, apprehension, and detention of individuals suspected of legal offenses. The purpose of law enforcement is to protect communities to hold individuals accountable and to ensure justice. In Thailand, Legal Execution Department was established as Civil Execution Division and the Bankruptcy Execution Division under the office of the permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Justice. In 1974, Thai government passed the Act to amend Declaration of the Revolutionary Council No. 216, which combined Civil Execution Division and Bankruptcy Execution Division into the Legal Execution Department under Ministry of Justice.

執行法規是一些政府成員的活動，他們以有組織的方式通過發現、阻止、改造或懲罰違反管理該社會的規則和規範的人來執行法律。法律執行的目的是保護社區、追究個人責任並確保正義。在泰國，司法部常務秘書辦公室下設法律執行部，分別為民事執行處和破產執行處。1974年，泰國政府通過修正革命委員會第216號宣言的法案，將民事執行處和破產執行處合併為司法部下屬的法律執行部。

Currently, the Legal Execution Department consists of two operational offices in charge of two main missions, which are enforcement of civil judgments and administration of bankruptcy and business reorganization cases. The offices which performs former mission are located in Bangkok 6 offices (Civil Case Enforcement Bangkok Office 1-7), and other 111 offices are located throughout Thailand. The offices responsible for the latter mission consist of 6 divisions.

目前，法律執行部設兩個業務辦公室，分管民事判決執行和破產重整案件管理兩大任務。執行前者任務的辦公室位於曼谷6個辦公室（民事案件強制執行曼谷辦公室），其他111個辦公室位於泰國各地。負責後者任務的辦公室由6個部門組成。

In general, Legal Execution Department performs following roles:

一般而言，法律執行部履行以下職責：

1. Provide services in:

     提供以下 服務:

• Civil case enforcement 民事件執行

• Bankruptcy case administration 破產案件執行
• Reorganization 企業重組
• Liquidation 清算
• Property deposit 財產保全

2. Provide legal information concerning legal execution and property deposit to the public;

     向公眾提供有關法律執行和財 產保全的法律資訊;

3. Provide mediation service at enforcement phase (post-judicial mediation);

     提供執行階段的調解服務 （司法調解後）;

4. Standardize and improve the practices nationwide;

      在全國範圍內規範 和完善作業; ​​​​​​​

5. Modernize laws and regulations related to our functions to cope with the social and economic development;

     使與我們職能相關的法律法規現代化， 以應對社會和經濟發展; ​​​​​​​

6. Develop effective process and administration to increase efficiency by using more IT;

      開發有效的流程和管理， 通過使用更多的 ​​​​​​​IT來提高效率;

7. Equip the officers with knowledge and ability at professional level – capacity building.

      為官員配備專業水平的知識和能力 —能力建設。 ​​​​​​​

In addition, Legal Execution Department acts differently in below cases.

此外，法律執行部在以下情況下的作業有所不同。

Civil cases enforcement 民事件執行

Thai civil court’s judgement can be enforced through attaining a write of execution issued by the said court for seizure of property, attachment of claims, or other execution measures. Under such writ, legal execution officer is appointed to carry out execution measures as applied for by the judgement creditors and approved by the court.

泰國民事法院的判決可以通過獲得該法院簽發的扣押財產、扣押索賠或其他執行措施的執行書來執行。根據該令狀，指定一名法定執行官執行判決債權人申請並經法院批准的執行措施。

The Civil Case Enforcement Bangkok Office is open for proceeding convenience with execution including property seizure, eviction, demolition, attachment, disposal and deposit of property.

民事案件執法曼谷辦公室開放方便執行，包括財產扣押、收回、房屋拆除、扣押、處置和財產保全。

Please be noted that Thailand is not a party to any convention or treaty for recognition or enforcement of any judgement attained in foreign countries. A party can initiate new court proceedings and enter a foreign court’s judgement as persuasive evidence to support a claim.

請注意，泰國不是承認或執行外國作出的任何判決的任何公約或條約的締約國。一方可以進行新的法院程序，並將外國法院的判決作為支持索賠的有說服力的證據。

Below is flowchart of different enforcement procedure:

以下為不同執行程序的流程圖:

Bankruptcy Service 破產服務

Bankruptcy is when a person or juristic person is in a state of “insolvency” or has a lot of debt and is not qualified to pay debts. In order to be in bankruptcy, it must be filed for bankruptcy first in order to make every process fair from both the debtor and creditor side.

破產是指一個人或法人處於“無力償債”狀態或負債累累，沒有資格償還債務。要想破產，必須先提出申請破產申請，才能使債務人和債權人雙方的每一個過程都公平。

By virtue of the Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483 (A.D. 1940), upon receivership, the official receivers have the responsibilities to:

依據佛曆2483年(西元1940年)《破產法》，接管後，官方接管人有責任：

Publish the court orders, take control of the business and property examine proof of claims convene the meeting of creditors, dispose the debtor’s property via public auction or other means distribute dividends among creditors.

公布法院命令，控制業務和財產審查債權證明召集債權人會議，通過公開拍賣或其他方式處置債務人的財產在債權人之間分配紅利。

Please be noted that the creditors must be owed more than two million baht by a corporate debtor, or more than one million baht by an individual debtor.

請注意，公司債務人欠債權人的債務必須超過 200 萬泰銖，個人債務人的債務必須超過 100 萬泰銖。

For more detail of the bankruptcy proceeding, please also refer to our article “Bankruptcy Proceedings in Thailand Part 1” at https://0rz.tw/yXPZV and “Bankruptcy Proceedings in Thailand Part II” at https://0rz.tw/ntLlW.

有關破產程序的更多資訊，請參考我們的文章“泰國破產程序 第一篇” 在 https://0rz.tw/yXPZV 以及 “泰國破產程序 第二篇” at https://0rz.tw/ntLlW.

Below is flowchart of the procedure:

以下為程序流程圖:

Property Deposit Service 財產保全服務

The service is based on the provisions under Section 331-339 of Thai Civil and Commercial Code. The debtor or a third party, when the creditor refuses or is unable to accept performance, or the creditor’s identity cannot be ascertained, can deposit the property under obligation at Civil Case Enforcement Bangkok Office 1-6 and Provincial Legal Execution Offices nationwide.

該服務基於《泰國民商法》第 331-339 條的規定。債務人或第三人在債權人拒絕或不能接受履行、或無法確定債權人身份時，可以將債務財產存放在曼谷民事案件執法辦公室1-6和全國省級法律執行辦公室。

Please be noted that below property is not recommended to be deposited:

請注意，不建議保全以下財產:

1. Property which is not suitable to be deposited or is prone to deterioration or damage, such as ice crafted in different designs for wedding reception decoration;

     不適合存放或容易變質或損壞的財物， 如用於婚宴裝飾的不 ​​​​​​​同設計的 冰塊;

2. Property with high maintenance cost;

      維護成本高 的房產; ​​​​​​​

3. Economic building, hotel, condo, electric appliance, property hard to be moved, oil or inflammables.

      經濟建築、酒店、公寓、電器、難以移動的財產 、油類或易 燃物。 ​​​​​​​

Below is flowchart of the procedure:

以下為程序流程圖:

Reorganization Service 企業重組服務

Reorganization is part of bankruptcy law. The objective is to help debtors who are experiencing temporary financial liquidity problems to have an opportunity to resume business operations without going into the bankruptcy process.

重組是破產法的一部分，目的是幫助遇到暫時性財務流動性問題的債務人有機會在不進入破產程序的情況下恢復業務運營。

By virtue of Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483 (A.D. 1940), upon the reorganization order, the official receiver has the responsibility to:

依據佛曆2483年(西元1940年)《破產法》，根據重組令，官方接管人有責任：

Convene the meeting of creditors, examine proof of claims, assist the court in monitoring the progress or the plan administration.

召集債權人會議，審查債權證明，協助法院監督進度或計劃管理。

For more detail of the business reorganization proceeding, please also refer to our article “Introduction of Corporate Reorganization in Thailand” at https://0rz.tw/BiR25.

有關企業重組更多資訊，請參考我們的文章“泰國企業重組介紹”在https://0rz.tw/BiR25。

Below is flowchart of the procedure:

以下為程序流程圖:

Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us via Line: @ibcfirm for further information.

如果有什麼問題，可以隨時通過Line: @ibcfirm與我們聯繫。