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New Timeframe for Court Cases in Thailand

泰國法院案件有新的時程

On 25 October 2022, the Act on the Timeframe of Judicial Proceedings (“Act”) was enacted in order to expedite the efficiency of Thai judicial administration and to provide clearer timeframe of court cases. This Act has become effective since 23 January 2023. Recently, Administrative Courts, Court of Justice, and Constitutional Court issued their regulations for timeframe of judicial proceedings to implement this Act.

在2022年10月25日，為了加快泰國司法行政的效率並為法院案件提供更明確的時間表，泰國頒布《司法程序時間表法》(“法案”) ，並於2023年1月23日生效。最近行政法院、最高法院和憲法法院發布有關司法程序時間的規定以實施該法。

The enactment of such Act reduces the process and complexity. There is also a mechanism to help the underprivileged people to access the justice process. Along with applying technology to organize a monitoring system, checking and informing the progress to the relevant people which agencies in the judicial process having duties and powers to operate such as the Courts of Justice, the Administrative Court, the Military Court, the Constitutional Court, the Public Prosecutor's Organization and other government agencies in the judicial process as prescribed in this Royal Decree.

該法案的頒布減少流程和復雜性，還有一個機制可以幫助弱勢群體訴諸司法程序。應用技術組織監測系統的同時，檢查並告知相關人員在司法過程中哪些機構有義務和權力運作，如法院、行政法院、軍事法院、憲法法院，司法程序中的檢察官組織和其他法案提及的政府機構。

Please be noted that this Act will apply for both cases that are being processed and will be brought out after the effectiveness of the Act. Following are detail of the new timeframe:

請注意，該法將適用於正在處理的案件以及在該法生效後提出的案件。以下是新時間表的詳細資訊：

Administrative Court 

行政法院

The Supreme Administrative Court’s Regulation on the Timeframe for Consideration of Administrative Court Litigation Case B.E. 2566 (2023)[1] was issued on 23 January 2023 by president of Supreme Administrative Court to frame timeframe for each step of Administrative Court’s proceedings. The Administrative Court and Supreme Administrative Court are subject to such regulation.

最高行政法院院長於 2023 年1 月 23日發布佛曆2566年 (2023)《最高行政法院關於行政法院訴訟案件審理時限的規定》法令，以規定行政法院訴訟程序每一步的時間表。行政法院和最高行政法院受此類規定的約束。

The timeframe for administrative cases mainly depends on number of cases each judge processes. In other word, if the individual judge handles lots of cases, additional period of time will be assigned.

行政案件的時限主要取決於每位法官處理的案件數量。換句話說，如果個別法官處理的案件很多，則被分配額外的時間。

Please refer to below table for timeframe detail:

詳細時間請參考下表:

Court of Justice

法院

The Judicial Regulation on the Timeframe for Consideration of Litigation Cases of the Court of Justice B.E. 2566 (2023)[2] was issued on 18 January 2023 by president of Supreme Court, and such regulation applies to all Thai courts of justice. The timeframe for a case depends on the classification of the type of cases prescribed for each level of the courts.

最高法院院長於2023年1月18 日頒布佛曆2566年 (2023)《法院審理訴訟案件時限的司法規定》法令，該規定適用於泰國所有法院。案件的時限取決於各級法院規定的案件類型的分類。

1. First Instance Court

      初審法院

1. Special Management Case: a case has the tendency to be finalized within one hearing;
   • 特殊管理案件： 案件有一次審理確認的趨勢;
2. Ordinary Case: a case requiting witness examination and the procedure cannot be completed expeditiously;
   • 普通案件： 需要訊問證人且不能迅速結案的案件;
3. Extraordinary Case: a complicated case that is unable to arrange back-to-back witness examination hearing and requires to schedule 2-4 separate sessions for witness examination.
   • 特殊案件：案件複雜， 無法 安排連續的證人訊問，需要分別安排2-4場證人訊問。

2. Appeal Court

     上訴法院

1. Appeal Court: no special classification;
   • 上訴法院: 無特殊分類;
2. Regional Appeal Court and Specialized Cases Appeal Court;
   • 地方上訴法院和專門 案件上訴法院;

• Special Urgent Case: a case with no complication and can be adjudicated expeditiously;
  • 特別緊急案： 無相關案件、可迅速判決的案件;
• Urgent Case: a case containing some complicated disputed issues, but can be adjudicated expeditiously;
  • 急案： 爭議點複雜，但可以迅速審理的案件;
• Special Case: a case is required to be admitted by president of these Appeal Courts;
  • 特殊案件： 需要這些上訴法院院長受理的案件;
• General Case or Normal Cases: a case does not fall under Special Urgent, Urgent Case or Special Case.
  • 一般案件或正常案件: 案件不屬於特別緊急、 緊急案件或 特殊案件。

3. Supreme Court

   最高法院

Please refer to below table for timeframe detail:

詳細時間請參考下表:

Please be noted that the prescribed timeframe is not decisive and could be extended due to procedural activities, characteristics or circumstance of the case.

請注意，規定的時限不是決定性，可能會因案件的程序活動、特點或情況而延長。

Constitutional Court

憲法法院

The Regulation on Timeframe for Consideration of Litigation Case of the Constitutional Court B.E. 2566 (2023)[3] was issued on 23 January 2023. According to such regulation, all cases under the jurisdiction of Constitutional Court must be completed within 1 year of acceptance.

佛曆2566年(2023)《憲法法院審理訴訟案件時限規定》於2023年1月23日發布。根據該規定，憲法法院管轄的所有案件必須在受理後1年內完成。

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